ascorbic acid treatment

The mechanisms regulating the secretion of proteoglycans and collagens in chondrocytes, in particular those operating at the level of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), are largely unknown. To examine these mechanisms, I studied the effects of acute ascorbate treatment on the secretion of two collagen types (types II and IX) and two proteoglycan types (PG-H and PG-Lb, the major keratan sulphate/chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the minor chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan respectively in cartilage) in scorbutic cultures of chick vertebral chondrocytes. I found that the scorbutic chondrocytes synthesized underhydroxylated precursors of types II and IX collagen that were secreted very slowly and accumulated in the RER. When the cultures were treated acutely with ascorbate, both macromolecules underwent hydroxylation within 1-1.5 h of treatment, and began to be secreted at normal high rates starting at about 2 h. Proteoglycan synthesis and secretion, however, remained largely unaffected by ascorbate treatment. Both the half-time of newly synthesized PG-H core protein in the RER and its conversion into completed proteoglycan were unchanged during treatment. Similarly, the overall rates of synthesis and secretion of both PG-H and PG-Lb remained at control levels during treatment. The data indicate that secretion of types II and IX collagen is regulated independently of secretion of PG-H and PG-Lb. This may be mediated by the ability of the RER of the chondrocyte to discriminate between procollagens and proteoglycan core proteins.